With reference to Temperature Inversion, consider the following statements:

1.It refers to an increase in air temperature with altitude.
2.It suppresses vertical movement of air.
3.It enhances the dispersion of pollutants near the Earth's surface.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to volcanic hotspots,consider the following statements:

1.They are always located at plate boundaries.
2.They are caused by mantle plumes.
3.They can form volcanic island chains.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the concept of isostasy:

1.It refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the Earth's crust (lithosphere) and the underlying, denser asthenosphere.
2.Under isostatic principles, mountain ranges are expected to have deep 'roots' extending into the asthenosphere, analogous to icebergs floating in water.
3.Post-glacial rebound, where land once covered by ice sheets slowly rises after the ice melts, is commonly cited as evidence for isostatic adjustment

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): Plate Tectonic Theory is considered a more comprehensive explanation of crustal evolution than the older Continental Drift Theory.
Reason (R): Unlike Continental Drift Theory, Plate Tectonic Theory explains not only the movement of continents but also the mechanism of that movement, involving both oceanic and continental lithosphere divided into rigid plates.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Assertion (A) and Reason (R)?

Consider the following statements regarding geological faults:

1.A normal fault typically results from tensional (pulling apart) stress, with the hanging wall moving down relative to the footwall
2.A reverse fault typically results from compressional stress, with the hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall.
3.A strike-slip fault involves predominantly horizontal, lateral movement along the fault plane, generally without significant vertical displacement

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding folding of rock strata:

1.An anticline is an upfold in which the limbs dip away from the crest, while a syncline is a downfold in which the limbs dip towards the trough.
2.Folding is generally caused by compressional stress acting on relatively plastic (ductile) rock strata.
3.An overturned fold occurs when both limbs of a fold dip in the same direction due to intense, one-sided compressional stress.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to recent seismicity and India's seismic zonation, consider the following statements:

1.The Himalayan belt, being a zone of active continent–continent collision, falls largely within the highest seismic hazard zones of India.
2.Peninsular India, being part of a stable continental shield, can never experience earthquakes.
3.Intraplate earthquakes, though less frequent than plate-boundary earthquakes, have occurred in parts of Peninsular India such as Latur (1993).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

How many of the following statements regarding the Himalayan orogeny are correct?

1.The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate following the closure of the Tethys Sea.
2.The Himalayas are still tectonically active, with the Indian Plate continuing to move northward and push beneath the Eurasian Plate.
3.The Himalayas are classified as fold mountains, formed predominantly through compressional tectonic forces.
4.Sedimentary rocks containing marine fossils are found at high elevations in the Himalayas, consistent with their origin from the Tethys seabed.

Consider the following statements regarding the composition of the atmosphere:

1.Nitrogen and oxygen together constitute over 99% of the volume of dry air near the Earth's surface.
2.Water vapour is a 'variable gas' whose concentration can range from nearly 0% to about 4% by volume depending on location and conditions.
3.Carbon dioxide, despite being present only in trace amounts, plays a disproportionately significant role in the greenhouse effect.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The stratosphere is characterized by a temperature inversion, i.e., temperature increases with height in its upper portion. Which of the following most directly explains this?